A piecewise Function of Polynomial functions. More...

#include <Spline.h>

Inheritance diagram for rl::math::Spline< T >:

Public Types
typedef ::std::vector< Polynomial< T > >::const_iterator	ConstIterator

typedef ::std::vector< Polynomial< T > >::const_reverse_iterator	ConstReverseIterator

typedef ::std::vector< Polynomial< T > >::iterator	Iterator

typedef ::std::vector< Polynomial< T > >::reverse_iterator	ReverseIterator

Public Member Functions
	Spline ()

virtual	~Spline ()

Polynomial< T > &	at (const ::std::size_t &i)

const Polynomial< T > &	at (const ::std::size_t &i) const

Polynomial< T > &	back ()

const Polynomial< T > &	back () const

Iterator	begin ()

ConstIterator	begin () const

void	clear ()

Spline *	clone () const

Spline	derivative () const

bool	empty ()

Iterator	end ()

ConstIterator	end () const

Polynomial< T > &	front ()

const Polynomial< T > &	front () const

T	getAbsoluteMaximum () const
	Returns the array of the maximum function values of each dimension within the definition range, not regarding the sign of the function values. More...

bool	isContinuous (const ::std::size_t &upToDerivative=1) const
	Verifies that the spline is smooth and has no jumps at the piecewise function boundaries. More...

T	operator() (const Real &x, const ::std::size_t &derivative=0) const
	Evaluates the function or a derivative thereof for a given value x. More...

Polynomial< T > &	operator[] (const ::std::size_t &i)

const Polynomial< T > &	operator[] (const ::std::size_t &i) const

void	pop_back ()

void	push_back (Polynomial< T > &polynomial)

void	push_back (Spline &spline)

Spline	scaledX (const Real &factor) const
	Stretches the x-axis of a spline by a given factor. More...

::std::size_t	size () const

ReverseIterator	rbegin ()

ConstReverseIterator	rbegin () const

ReverseIterator	rend ()

ConstReverseIterator	rend () const

Public Member Functions inherited from rl::math::Function< T >
	Function ()

virtual	~Function ()

Real	duration () const

Real &	lower ()

const Real &	lower () const

Real &	upper ()

const Real &	upper () const

Static Public Member Functions
template<typename Container1 , typename Container2 >
static Spline	LinearParabolic (const Container1 &x, const Container2 &y, const Real &parabolicInterval)
	Generates a piecewise spline with parabolic segments around the given supporting points y and linear segments in between. More...

template<typename Container1 , typename Container2 >
static Spline	LinearQuartic (const Container1 &x, const Container2 &y, const Real &quarticInterval)
	Generates a piecewise spline with quartic polynomial segments around the given supporting points y and linear segments in between. More...

template<typename Container1 , typename Container2 >
static Spline	LinearSextic (const Container1 &x, const Container2 &y, const Real &sexticInterval)
	Generates a piecewise spline with sextic polynomial segments around the given supporting points y and linear segments in between. More...

template<typename U = T>
static Spline	QuarticLinearQuarticAtRest (const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &q0, const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &q1, const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &vmax, const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &amax)
	Generates a spline of polynomials of degrees 4-1-4 from rest to rest for one dimension. More...

template<typename U = T>
static Spline	QuarticLinearQuarticAtRest (const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &q0, const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &q1, const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &vmax, const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &amax)
	Generates a spline of polynomials of degrees 4-1-4 from rest to rest that is phase-synchronized for multiple degree-of-freedoms. More...

template<typename U = T>
static Spline	SexticLinearSexticAtRest (const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &q0, const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &q1, const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &vmax, const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &amax)
	Generates a spline of polynomials of degrees 6-1-6 from rest to rest for one dimension. More...

template<typename U = T>
static Spline	SexticLinearSexticAtRest (const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &q0, const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &q1, const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &vmax, const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &amax)
	Generates a spline of polynomials of degrees 6-1-6 from rest to rest that is phase-synchronized for multiple degree-of-freedoms. More...

static Spline	TrapeziodalAccelerationAtRest (const T &q0, const T &q1, const T &vmax, const T &amax, const T &jmax)
	Generates a trapezoidal acceleration trajectory from rest to rest for multiple dimensions that are phase-synchronized. More...

Protected Attributes
::std::vector< Polynomial< T > >	polynomials

Protected Attributes inherited from rl::math::Function< T >
Real	x0

Real	x1

Detailed Description

template<typename T>
class rl::math::Spline< T >

A piecewise Function of Polynomial functions.

A Spline is a function that consists of a list of polynomials, which may have different degrees. It is indefinitely often differentiable, and can be scaled algebraically. As all children of Function, its is mapping Real -> T, but a Spline is only defined in the interval [lower() upper()].

See also: Polynomial

Member Typedef Documentation

◆ ConstIterator

template<typename T >

typedef ::std::vector<Polynomial<T> >::const_iterator rl::math::Spline< T >::ConstIterator

◆ ConstReverseIterator

template<typename T >

typedef ::std::vector<Polynomial<T> >::const_reverse_iterator rl::math::Spline< T >::ConstReverseIterator

◆ Iterator

template<typename T >

typedef ::std::vector<Polynomial<T> >::iterator rl::math::Spline< T >::Iterator

◆ ReverseIterator

template<typename T >

typedef ::std::vector<Polynomial<T> >::reverse_iterator rl::math::Spline< T >::ReverseIterator

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ Spline()

template<typename T >

rl::math::Spline< T >::Spline ( )

inline

◆ ~Spline()

template<typename T >

virtual rl::math::Spline< T >::~Spline ( )

inlinevirtual

Member Function Documentation

◆ at() [1/2]

template<typename T >

Polynomial<T>& rl::math::Spline< T >::at ( const ::std::size_t & i )

inline

◆ at() [2/2]

template<typename T >

const Polynomial<T>& rl::math::Spline< T >::at ( const ::std::size_t & i ) const

inline

◆ back() [1/2]

template<typename T >

Polynomial<T>& rl::math::Spline< T >::back ( )

inline

◆ back() [2/2]

template<typename T >

const Polynomial<T>& rl::math::Spline< T >::back ( ) const

inline

◆ begin() [1/2]

template<typename T >

Iterator rl::math::Spline< T >::begin ( )

inline

◆ begin() [2/2]

template<typename T >

ConstIterator rl::math::Spline< T >::begin ( ) const

inline

◆ clear()

template<typename T >

void rl::math::Spline< T >::clear ( )

inline

◆ clone()

template<typename T >

Spline* rl::math::Spline< T >::clone ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Implements rl::math::Function< T >.

◆ derivative()

template<typename T >

Spline rl::math::Spline< T >::derivative ( ) const

inline

◆ empty()

template<typename T >

bool rl::math::Spline< T >::empty ( )

inline

◆ end() [1/2]

template<typename T >

Iterator rl::math::Spline< T >::end ( )

inline

◆ end() [2/2]

template<typename T >

ConstIterator rl::math::Spline< T >::end ( ) const

inline

◆ front() [1/2]

template<typename T >

Polynomial<T>& rl::math::Spline< T >::front ( )

inline

◆ front() [2/2]

template<typename T >

const Polynomial<T>& rl::math::Spline< T >::front ( ) const

inline

◆ getAbsoluteMaximum()

template<typename T >

T rl::math::Spline< T >::getAbsoluteMaximum ( ) const

inline

Returns the array of the maximum function values of each dimension within the definition range, not regarding the sign of the function values.

For polynomials higher than cubics, Eigen::PolynomialSolver is required and calculations become iterative, without guaranteeing convergence. A common use case is to verify speed limits with the comparison (trajectory.derivate().getAbsoluteMaximum() < maximumSpeed).all()

◆ isContinuous()

template<typename T >

bool rl::math::Spline< T >::isContinuous ( const ::std::size_t & upToDerivative = 1 ) const

inline

Verifies that the spline is smooth and has no jumps at the piecewise function boundaries.

Mathematically, it checks whether the spline and a certain number of its derivatives are continuous.

Parameters

[in] upToDerivative Sets the number of derivatives that are also checked for continuity.

◆ LinearParabolic()

template<typename T >

template<typename Container1 , typename Container2 >

static Spline rl::math::Spline< T >::LinearParabolic	(	const Container1 &	x,
		const Container2 &	y,
		const Real &	parabolicInterval
	)

inlinestatic

Generates a piecewise spline with parabolic segments around the given supporting points y and linear segments in between.

Note that the duration of the returned Spline is longer than the given x, because there is one parabolic interval more than segments in x.

Parameters

[in] parabolicInterval Gives the duration of a parabolic interval, the following linear interval then has a duration of x(n+1) - x(n) - parabolicInterval

◆ LinearQuartic()

template<typename T >

template<typename Container1 , typename Container2 >

static Spline rl::math::Spline< T >::LinearQuartic	(	const Container1 &	x,
		const Container2 &	y,
		const Real &	quarticInterval
	)

inlinestatic

Generates a piecewise spline with quartic polynomial segments around the given supporting points y and linear segments in between.

Note that the duration of the returned Spline is longer than the given x, because there is one quartic polynomial interval more than segments in x.

Parameters

[in] quarticInterval Gives the duration of a quartic interval, the following linear interval then has a duration of x(n+1) - x(n) - quarticInterval

◆ LinearSextic()

template<typename T >

template<typename Container1 , typename Container2 >

static Spline rl::math::Spline< T >::LinearSextic	(	const Container1 &	x,
		const Container2 &	y,
		const Real &	sexticInterval
	)

inlinestatic

Generates a piecewise spline with sextic polynomial segments around the given supporting points y and linear segments in between.

Note that the duration of the returned Spline is longer than the given x, because there is one sextic polynomial interval more than segments in x.

Parameters

[in] sexticInterval Gives the duration of a sextic interval, the following linear interval then has a duration of x(n+1) - x(n) - sexticInterval

◆ operator()()

template<typename T >

T rl::math::Spline< T >::operator()	(	const Real &	x,
		const ::std::size_t &	derivative = `0`
	)		const

inlinevirtual

Evaluates the function or a derivative thereof for a given value x.

Some functions are only defined in the interval [lower(), upper()], and fail to evaluate outside of [lower() - FUNCTION_BOUNDARY, upper() + FUNCTION_BOUNDARY]. In Debug mode, this is signaled by failing asserts. In Release mode, the function is evaluated if algebraically possible, or will return an empty ArrayX otherwise. Some functions are not indefinitely often differentiable, and will return a NaN array for all higher orders.

Parameters

[in]	x	Input value of the function or derivative
[in]	derivative	Order of the derivative to be evaluated

Implements rl::math::Function< T >.

◆ operator[]() [1/2]

template<typename T >

Polynomial<T>& rl::math::Spline< T >::operator[] ( const ::std::size_t & i )

inline

◆ operator[]() [2/2]

template<typename T >

const Polynomial<T>& rl::math::Spline< T >::operator[] ( const ::std::size_t & i ) const

inline

◆ pop_back()

template<typename T >

void rl::math::Spline< T >::pop_back ( )

inline

◆ push_back() [1/2]

template<typename T >

void rl::math::Spline< T >::push_back ( Polynomial< T > & polynomial )

inline

◆ push_back() [2/2]

template<typename T >

void rl::math::Spline< T >::push_back ( Spline< T > & spline )

inline

◆ QuarticLinearQuarticAtRest() [1/2]

template<typename T >

template<typename U = T>

static Spline rl::math::Spline< T >::QuarticLinearQuarticAtRest	(	const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &	q0,
		const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &	q1,
		const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &	vmax,
		const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &	amax
	)

inlinestatic

Generates a spline of polynomials of degrees 4-1-4 from rest to rest that is phase-synchronized for multiple degree-of-freedoms.

Its acceleration and deceleration segments are parabolic and at least one degree-of-freedon reaches its maximum acceleration amax. vmax may or may not be reached; in the latter case, the linear segment is omitted. The result is the shortest synchronized 4-1-4 spline with continuous acceleration.

◆ QuarticLinearQuarticAtRest() [2/2]

template<typename T >

template<typename U = T>

static Spline rl::math::Spline< T >::QuarticLinearQuarticAtRest	(	const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &	q0,
		const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &	q1,
		const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &	vmax,
		const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &	amax
	)

inlinestatic

Generates a spline of polynomials of degrees 4-1-4 from rest to rest for one dimension.

Its acceleration and deceleration segments are parabolic and reach amax. vmax may or may not be reached; in the latter case, the linear segment is omitted. The result is the shortest such 4-1-4 spline with continuous acceleration.

◆ rbegin() [1/2]

template<typename T >

ReverseIterator rl::math::Spline< T >::rbegin ( )

inline

◆ rbegin() [2/2]

template<typename T >

ConstReverseIterator rl::math::Spline< T >::rbegin ( ) const

inline

◆ rend() [1/2]

template<typename T >

ReverseIterator rl::math::Spline< T >::rend ( )

inline

◆ rend() [2/2]

template<typename T >

ConstReverseIterator rl::math::Spline< T >::rend ( ) const

inline

◆ scaledX()

template<typename T >

Spline rl::math::Spline< T >::scaledX ( const Real & factor ) const

inline

Stretches the x-axis of a spline by a given factor.

The returned, scaled spline s' of a given spline s fulfills s'(x * factor) = s(x), and s'.duration() = factor * s.duration(). This is done by recalculating the underlying polynomial coefficients.

◆ SexticLinearSexticAtRest() [1/2]

template<typename T >

template<typename U = T>

static Spline rl::math::Spline< T >::SexticLinearSexticAtRest	(	const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &	q0,
		const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &	q1,
		const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &	vmax,
		const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_class< U >::value, U >::type &	amax
	)

inlinestatic

Generates a spline of polynomials of degrees 6-1-6 from rest to rest that is phase-synchronized for multiple degree-of-freedoms.

Its acceleration and deceleration segments are quartic and at least one degree-of-freedon reaches its maximum acceleration amax. vmax may or may not be reached; in the latter case, the linear segment is omitted. The result is the shortest synchronized 6-1-6 spline with continuous jerk.

◆ SexticLinearSexticAtRest() [2/2]

template<typename T >

template<typename U = T>

static Spline rl::math::Spline< T >::SexticLinearSexticAtRest	(	const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &	q0,
		const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &	q1,
		const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &	vmax,
		const typename ::std::enable_if< ::std::is_floating_point< U >::value, U >::type &	amax
	)

inlinestatic

Generates a spline of polynomials of degrees 6-1-6 from rest to rest for one dimension.

Its acceleration and deceleration segments are quartic and reach amax. vmax may or may not be reached; in the latter case, the linear segment is omitted. Compared to QuarticLinearQuarticAtRest, SexticLinearSexticAtRest makes sure the jerk is continuous, which results in a smoother and slightly longer trajectory. The result is the shortest such 6-1-6 spline.

◆ size()

template<typename T >

::std::size_t rl::math::Spline< T >::size ( ) const

inline

◆ TrapeziodalAccelerationAtRest()

template<typename T >

static Spline rl::math::Spline< T >::TrapeziodalAccelerationAtRest	(	const T &	q0,
		const T &	q1,
		const T &	vmax,
		const T &	amax,
		const T &	jmax
	)

inlinestatic

Generates a trapezoidal acceleration trajectory from rest to rest for multiple dimensions that are phase-synchronized.

A trapezoidal acceleration trajectory has up to seven segments of constant jerk. Its velocity curve is double-S shaped.

see L. Biagiotti, C. Melchiorri (2008) "Trajectory Planning for Automatic Machines and Robots", pp. 90ff.

Member Data Documentation

◆ polynomials

template<typename T >

::std::vector<Polynomial<T> > rl::math::Spline< T >::polynomials

protected

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

rl/math/Spline.h

Public Types

Public Member Functions

Static Public Member Functions

Protected Attributes

Detailed Description

template<typename T> class rl::math::Spline< T >

Member Typedef Documentation

◆ ConstIterator

◆ ConstReverseIterator

◆ Iterator

◆ ReverseIterator

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ Spline()

◆ ~Spline()

Member Function Documentation

◆ at() [1/2]

◆ at() [2/2]

◆ back() [1/2]

◆ back() [2/2]

◆ begin() [1/2]

◆ begin() [2/2]

◆ clear()

◆ clone()

◆ derivative()

◆ empty()

◆ end() [1/2]

◆ end() [2/2]

◆ front() [1/2]

◆ front() [2/2]

◆ getAbsoluteMaximum()

◆ isContinuous()

◆ LinearParabolic()

◆ LinearQuartic()

◆ LinearSextic()

◆ operator()()

◆ operator[]() [1/2]

◆ operator[]() [2/2]

◆ pop_back()

◆ push_back() [1/2]

◆ push_back() [2/2]

◆ QuarticLinearQuarticAtRest() [1/2]

◆ QuarticLinearQuarticAtRest() [2/2]

◆ rbegin() [1/2]

◆ rbegin() [2/2]

◆ rend() [1/2]

◆ rend() [2/2]

◆ scaledX()

◆ SexticLinearSexticAtRest() [1/2]

◆ SexticLinearSexticAtRest() [2/2]

◆ size()

◆ TrapeziodalAccelerationAtRest()

Member Data Documentation

◆ polynomials

template<typename T>
class rl::math::Spline< T >